• Capital letter

• Full stop

• Question mark

• Exclamation mark

• Comma

• Speech marks / inverted commas

• Colon

• Apostrophe

• A capital letter is always in the beginning of a sentence.

• A capital letter is used for names of people, places, names and months.

• "I" is always with a capital letter, even in the middle of a sentence.

Example: The car is blue.

Nick, Cape Town, Spar, June

• A full stop goes at the end of a normal sentence.

• A full stop is also used with abbreviations.

Example: This is my pen.

November - Nov.

• A question mark comes at the end of a question.

• Questions usually start with: who, what, where, how, when.

Example: How old are you?

• An exclamation mark is used at the end of an exclamation.

• It is used to express excitement, surprise or a strong emotion.

Example: Go away!

• A comma is used between words in a list.

• It is used when we name actions.

• It is used after YES or NO.

• A comma is used when we address somebody.

• A comma comes before BUT.

• It indicates a pause.

Example:

• I like apple, pears, guavas and oranges.

• You will have to cook food, lay the table and wash the dishes.

• Yes, you may go swim.

• Peter, could you please help me?

• I want to play, but I must finish my homework first.

• If you don't look before you cross the road, you can be hit by a car.

Speech marks are used on either sides of someone's spoken words. (Direct speech)

Example: The girl said, "It's warm today."

• A colon comes before a list of information.

• It comes before the words of a character in a play or dialogue.

Example: Which picture shows:

potatoes, carrots, pears, pumpkin?

Emma: How are you?

• An apostrophe is used to show that letters are left out of a word.

• It shows that something belongs to somebody.

Example: don't = do not

That is Susan's pen.